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- 2021.11
- Tips
- Life and Financial Planning
Tips on Virtual Banks: Find Out if Virtual Banking is Suitable for You by Answering 3 Simple Questions
What is a virtual bank? A virtual bank is a bank that primarily delivers retail banking services through the internet or other forms of electronic channels instead of physical branches. Consumers can open a virtual bank account and use other banking services via mobile apps, mostly facilitated by financial technology (also known as “fintech”). However, virtual banks are also required to set up a physical office in Hong Kong as the principal place of business to, inter alia, engage with customers, handle enquiries and complaints, and should not impose any minimum balance requirements or charge low-balance fees. Virtual banks generally target the retail segment, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Virtual banks are subject to the same set of supervisory requirements applicable to traditional banks, though certain requirements may be adjusted, under a risk-based and technology-neutral approach, to suit the business models of virtual banks. Is virtual banking suitable for you? Let’s find out by answering 3 simple questions: 1. Do you require investment services or mortgages? 2. Do you frequently make deposits in cash / cheques / cashier’s order? 3. Do you opt for making visits to branches for in-person services? If your answer is ‘yes’ to any of the above, then virtual banking may not be able to address all your needs. Let’s find out why: Types of service In the early establishment of virtual banks, services available are limited to savings deposits, time deposits, and local money transfers. Some also include other services such as debit cards, credit cards, foreign currency exchange and loans. Nonetheless, virtual banks do not render general services that traditional banks do, such as cheques, mortgages, and investments, etc. Deposits and withdrawals Traditional banks usually take deposits in cash, cheques, cashier’s orders or via bank transfers. Contrarily, with no physical branches, virtual banks are unable to take deposits in cash, cheques or cashier’s orders. Account holders can only make deposits through bank transfers. Furthermore, unless the virtual bank provides debit cards to facilitate payments at designated merchants or allow cash withdrawals at designated ATMs, account holders will have to first make a transfer from the virtual bank to another bank before the funds can be used, which can be time consuming. No physical branches As virtual banks do not have any physical branches, in case a customer wants to communicate with a bank personnel, under normal circumstances, that could only be done through instant messaging via the mobile apps or calling the hotlines. Customers are unable to make face-to-face enquiries at bank branches. What's more, if account holders have unfortunately lost their mobile phones or if their phones fail to function properly, they will not be able to use the banking services until they have a new phone or have the faulty one repaired. *Debit card: It is an ATM card linked to a bank account, which can be used to withdraw money from the bank account through ATMs of designated networks (e.g., JETCO) and make payments at merchants. Cardholders can also withdraw money at designated merchants through EPS or pay for goods bought online. In addition, debit card can be used to make transfers, pay bills and check account balances. Before using a debit card, consumers must deposit money into the bank account. Subsequent withdrawals or spendings using the card will be debited directly from the account. Transactions will normally be declined when the bank account does not have sufficient fund, thereby preventing the cardholder from spending beyond means. Traditional Banks Virtual Banks Customer segment All Mainly retail customers (including individuals and SMEs) Channels Branches / ATMs / automated banking machines / telephones / Internet / mobile apps Mainly via mobile apps; some virtual banks provide withdrawal services via designated ATMs, or certain banking services via telephones or the Internet. Business hours Depending on the channels and types of services, some services are only available during banking hours; however, most services are available 24/7 via online banking, mobile apps, or through some of the automated banking machines. Most of the services are available 24/7 (However, currently some services, e.g., foreign exchange and loans are only available during specified hours). Services Comprehensive banking services including deposits, withdrawals, time deposits, local transfers, telegraphic transfers, cheques, foreign exchange, mortgages, loans, insurance, credit cards, and investments. Currently, services mainly consist of deposits, withdrawals, time deposits, local transfers, and debit cards. Some virtual banks also provide individual and SME loans, credit cards, foreign exchange, and insurance. Account opening procedures Customers can open bank accounts and undergo identity verification at the branches; some banks offer remote account opening via mobile apps. Mainly done remotely via mobile apps. Required documents for account opening For opening savings or deposit account, normally an ID should suffice; for applying investment account or loans, residential address proof and other documents may also be required. Cash withdrawals At branches From ATMs using ATM cards / some banks support cardless withdrawals using mobile apps From designated merchants using ATM cards Some virtual banks support withdrawals from ATMs using ATM cards or via mobile apps (cardless withdrawals) Customers need to transfer funds into another bank first, then make withdrawals via the usual channels Account balances and charges A majority of retail banks have eliminated below balance fees on most types of accounts; certain account types may still have minimum balance requirements and associated below balance fees No minimum balance requirements or below balance fees Supervision By the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) Network security / data protection Pursuant to the Supervisory Policy Manual of HKMA, banks are required to implement adequate IT control measure to safeguard the confidentiality and completeness of data, especially the confidentiality of customers’ data. Banks are required to adhere to the ‘fit for purpose’ principle, i.e., the security measures and technologies adopted by banks are required to be commensurate with the risks associated with the underlying transactions. Deposit protection Under the Deposit Protection Scheme, deposits placed with each member bank are protected up to HK$500,000 per depositor Note: The above is only a general summary of the typical differences between traditional banks and virtual banks. Individual banks may vary in their product/ service offerings. Details about virtual bank accounts If you think virtual banking is suitable for you after careful consideration, the next step is bank selection. The Consumer Council (or the ‘Council’) previously conducted a survey on 8 virtual banks in Hong Kong and consolidated the following factors which you may consider when comparing services amongst different virtual banks: Eligibility criteria for account opening To be eligible for opening a virtual bank account, one must be aged 18 or above and must be a holder of Hong Kong ID. Most of the banks indicated that they could not open bank accounts for U.S. citizens, individuals who were tax residents of the U.S. or other jurisdictions outside Hong Kong. Besides that, the 8 banks shared similar account opening procedures, which involved downloading the bank’s mobile app, verifying one’s mobile phone number, uploading ID card, activating facial recognition function (by taking selfies), and providing personal details. It was also noted that all the virtual banks in Hong Kong do not charge a fee on account opening. Interest rates on deposits All the virtual banks surveyed took savings deposits in Hong Kong Dollars (HKD) while only a few of them took deposits in Renminbi (RMB) and US Dollars (USD) as well. Consumers should be aware that the high interest rates offered by banks on deposits might have conditions attached, e.g., such rates might only be applicable to new customers who opened bank accounts during a specified period and deposited a particular amount within a specified timeframe, and such rates might drop substantially afterwards. Most of the virtual banks offered different interest rates depending on the deposit amount. The frequency of interest distribution also varied among banks, some paid daily interests whereas some paid monthly interests. Only 4 out of the 8 virtual banks offered time deposits services. Among the 4 banks, 1 provided only HKD time deposits, while the other 3 also provided RMB and USD time deposits. Some banks determined the annual interest rates on time deposits based on the number of partakers, the more the partakers, the higher the interest rates. Consumers should also be aware of charges and consequences on early redemption of time deposits. In some events, the interests might be forfeited. Maximum transfer limits All the virtual banks surveyed accepted real-time deposits and transfers through the Faster Payment System (FPS), and accepted deposits via the Real Time Gross Settlement System (RTGS) (also known as the Clearing House Automated Transfer Systems (CHATS)). Some banks also provided specific options for deposits / transfers. It should be noted that if deposits were to be made from other local banks under direct debits (i.e., via Electronic Direct Debit Authorisation (eDDA)) to the virtual bank accounts, despite being free of charge, there would generally be a daily deposit limit, ranging from HK$30,000 to HK$500,000. All the surveyed virtual banks imposed a daily outward transfer limit, ranging between HK$200,000 and HK$1 million. The limits depended on certain factors, such as completion of the bank’s internal assessment process, mode of transfer, and whether the recipient was a registered account with the virtual bank or an account under the same name as the transferer, etc. Among the 8 virtual banks surveyed, only 1 of them accepted deposits from overseas transfers, and such service was free of charge and did not have any transfer limits in place. Cash withdrawals As outlined above, some virtual banks provided withdrawal services via debit cards / credit cards with daily withdrawal limits ranging from HK$20,000 to HK$50,000. However, these services might not be free of charge, e.g., some banks charged HK$20 – HK$30 for every withdrawal made via the Mastercard ATM network, some banks charged HK$20 plus a foreign transaction fee for every foreign currency withdrawal via the Visa ATM network. Some of the banks provided cardless withdrawal services via designated ATMs for free. Binding of digital wallets / e-payment apps Most of the accounts and debit cards provided by the virtual banks allowed the binding of certain digital wallets / e-payment apps, such as Alipay HK, Apple Pay, and Google Pay, etc. Consumers can go through the list to determine which bank can better support their payment habits. Spending rebates To encourage spendings by account holders, virtual banks that issued debit cards or credit cards normally did not charge any annual fees, and would offer certain spending rebates to consumers. However, the criteria for receiving these promotional offers and the maximum limits differed across banks, e.g., some banks would offer cash rebates of 1% - 8% depending on the categories of spending, others might determine the rebate amount through lucky draws. The maximum limits varied from HK$250 per month to HK$10,000 per transaction. Consumers should beware that the promotional offers are subject to change, as such they should not spend beyond their means for the sake of such offers. Furthermore, no matter using traditional banking or virtual banking services, consumers should always keep their mobile phones safe, update the operation and security systems of the phones, as well as the mobile apps of the relevant banks from time to time. Consumers should also beware of computer viruses and hackings. Last but not least, closing a virtual bank account is more than just removing the mobile app. The account holder should first transfer the funds to another bank account, download the e-statement or notifications for record, then notify the virtual bank’s customer service team to arrange for the closing of the account. For more information, please refer to the article ‘A Comprehensive Review on Virtual Banks Conditions Attached to the High Interest Rates and Rebates’ (Chinese version only) in Issue #537 of the CHOICE Magazine.
- 2021.10
- Tips
- Food and Cooking
Attention All Dog Lovers! Check These 7 Nutrients When Selecting Canned Pet Food
Dogs, just like humans, need different types of nutrients to maintain good health. For older dogs that don't like to drink water, “canned pet food” (wet food) may be more suitable for them. So, what nutrients should pet owners look for when choosing canned pet food? Let's read on and learn some tips! The first step is to choose a complete pet food or a complementary pet food with consideration of the eating habits of your pets. What is the difference between the two? Canned complete pet food vs canned complementary pet food? Need to understand the difference in their nutritional value Canned complete pet food Refers to complete pet food that comes in cans and is marked with “complete and balanced”. These products should contain all the essential nutrients that a dog needs on a daily basis. They can be fed as the dog’s sole diet and can satisfy its daily energy and nutritional needs. Canned complementary pet food Refers to complementary pet food that comes in cans, which should be fed in combination with other complete pet food (dry or wet food) to provide complete and adequate nutrients for dogs. Dogs should not be fed solely with canned complementary pet food for a prolonged period. Step 2 is to check the nutritional content of the canned pet food. Dogs of different life stages, sizes and physical condition may have different nutritional needs. When purchasing, pet owners may consider the following 6 nutrients and their pet dogs’ needs. Find out more about these 7 major nutrients 1. Crude Protein Protein has important functions such as maintaining the immune system and hormones, etc. According to the recommendation of The American Feed Control Association (AAFCO), the minimum concentration of crude protein in complete pet food for adult dogs (in maintenance phase) is 18% (on a dry matter basis), and that for dogs in growth or reproduction stage is 22.5%. Pet owners should choose products according to the life stage and physical condition of their pet dogs. In addition to considering the percentage of crude protein in dry matter, pet owners should also pay attention to the main source of protein. When choosing canned pet food, it is better to choose products that specify the types of meat used (e.g. chicken, beef, lamb) and their origins, and list meat as the top ingredient in the ingredient list. On the contrary, avoid products with vague labels and claims of containing meat by-products, poultry by-products, and animal fat, etc. as their main ingredients. 2. Crude Fat Many people may have an innate fear of fat. However, a well-balanced and nutritionally complete pet food must contain an appropriate amount of crude fat to provide energy (calories) and help absorb fat-soluble vitamins (including vitamin A, D, E and K). Crude fat also provides dogs with essential fatty acids to maintain healthy skin and hair coat. Attention! What types of dogs need more fat? And which ones need to avoid high fat content? Fat is very important for active and large dogs! Working dogs have higher caloric needs, such as shepherds and sled dogs; so pet food with higher crude fat content caters better to their needs. If the dog's hair coat lacks lustre, the condition of the coat can also be improved by feeding it with a diet high in crude fat content, so that it can obtain the necessary fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. If the dog is obese or overweight, the pet owner should pay special attention to the crude fat content and calories of the pet food. When choosing a complete pet food, it is recommended to choose a product with a lower crude fat content, while at the same time meeting the minimum fat content recommended by pet food organisations (minimum 5.5% of dry matter). In general, dogs that are inactive, obese, old, or suffering from gastroenteritis or pancreatitis should avoid consuming high-fat pet food. 3. Crude Ash and Minerals Crude ash refers to the substance that is left over after the food is completely burned, which can roughly reflect the total amount of minerals (e.g. calcium, phosphorus, zinc, iron, etc.) in pet food, and most of the crude ash in pet food is derived from bone-in ingredients and mineral additives. Let’s find out the importance of minerals for dogs’ health Minerals Functions Effects with Deficient Intake Effects with Excessive Intake Calcium Forms bones and teeth; helps in blood coagulation; assists in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contractions. May lead to hyperthyroidism, reduction in bone mineral content, and bone deformities. Puppies of large dog breeds may suffer aberration. Phosphorous Forms bones; helps in energy metabolism and acid-base balance. Puppies may suffer slower weight gain, loss of appetite, and bowed front legs. – Potassium Helps in acid-base balance and nerve impulse transmission. May obstruct puppies’ growth and development; may cause weakness in neck and hind legs’ muscles. – Sodium Helps in acid-base balance, and the production and transmission of nerve impulse. May lead to fast heart rate, higher water intake and haemoglobin concentration, and dry mucous membranes. – Magnesium Helps in the proper functioning of enzymes, and the production and functioning of hormones; is also a component of bones and teeth. Puppies may have slower weight gain, muscle spasms, carpal hypertension and possible hind leg paralysis. – Iron Is essential for blood production; helps maintain energy metabolism. May obstruct puppies’ growth and development, cause pale mucous lining, lethargy, and overall weakness or fatigue. In acute cases, may harm stomach and other tissues. Copper Forms connective tissues and blood cells; produces melanin; have antioxidant properties. May cause anaemia, and loss of hair pigment in puppies. – Manganese Maintains the proper functioning of enzymes; helps bone development; maintains homeostasis in thenervous system. No relevant research information. – Zinc Maintains the proper functioning of enzymes; helps cell replication, wound healing, and the digestion and metabolism of protein and carbohydrates. May cause vomiting and skin damages. – Iodine Builds thyroid hormones; helps in the growth and development of puppies; regulates the metabolic rate. May lead to goiters, dry and sparse hair coat and weight gain. May lead to increased tearing, salivating and respiratory secretion, as well as flakey skin. Insufficient or excessive mineral intakes may affect pets’ health Prolonged excessive copper intake may affect the absorption and utilisation of zinc and iron. On the contrary, insufficient copper intake may lead to microcytic hypochromic anemia in dogs, and may affect their hair coat and cause a change in hair colour. Excessive intake of zinc is also not recommended as it may interfere with the absorption of other minerals (e.g. iron and copper). On the other hand, zinc deficiency may lead to hair loss and affect dogs’ immune system. In addition, when choosing a diet for a senior dog, special attention should be paid to the content of zinc, copper and iodine. It is recommended to choose a complete pet food that meets the relevant recommended levels of these micronutrients. 4. Carbohydrate In general, carbohydrates in pet food include sugar, starch and dietary fibre, and are important sources of energy. Pet owners can roughly calculate the carbohydrate content of different wet foods based on the nutrient information on food labels and the following formula: The Consumer Council has noticed that some pet food products which claim to be “grain-free” may have starch-containing ingredients such as tapioca starch, potatoes, pumpkins, and peas, etc. Choosing products based only on related claims such as “grain-free” will not help avoid pet food that contains starch or carbohydrates. 5.Vitamin D Dogs mainly obtain vitamin D through their daily diet, which helps maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorus in their bodies. An insufficient intake of vitamin D may affect the bone health of dogs in the long run. It may lead to rickets in dogs, causing bones to swell and bend. It may also affect the bone growth of puppies, and increase the risks of osteoporosis and dental problems in adult dogs. On the contrary, excessive intake of vitamin D may also lead to serious complications, including kidney failure and even death. There had been overseas incidents where pets’ deaths might be linked to excessive intake of vitamin D. However, some pet food products do not list the vitamin D content in their food labels, consumers may refer to the article “Attention Pet Owners! A Survey on Canned Dog Food Comparison on Vitamins and Minerals” (Chinese version only) in Issue #534 of CHOICE Magazine. In this article you may find the test results on 20 models of wet food for dogs, including the content of macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as harmful substances. 6. Essential Amino Acids Dogs cannot produce all the essential amino acids that they need. Therefore, they must get sufficient essential amino acids through their daily diet. Insufficient intake may lead to diseases. The Council has previously tested 20 models of wet food for dogs, and 16 models met the minimum concentration levels recommended by the AAFCO and FEDIAF. 7. Crude Fibre Fibre helps keep dogs’ gut healthy, stimulates the production of good bacteria in the gut, and aids in bowel movements. Meals for senior dogs, in particular, should contain appropriate amounts of fibre to maintain healthy bowel movements. However, the AAFCO and FEDIAF currently do not have recommendations on minimum fibre concentration for pet food. Healthy eating tips for dogs Canned complementary pet food cannot be fed as main diet! As suggested by its name, canned complementary pet food does not have sufficient nutrients as compared to complete pet food. For example, the contents of calcium and phosphorus in some products are lower than the recommended levels. Therefore, pet owners should not feed their dogs with complementary pet food as their sole diet, but they should be fed in combination with other complete pet food to provide complete and adequate nutrients. Feeding a nutritionally unbalanced diet (e.g. too low or too high in certain nutrients) or a diet with unbalanced mineral content over a long period of time may negatively affect the health of dogs. Also, feeding with the same brand or model of canned food for a prolonged period may also lead to imbalanced nutrition. Therefore, pet owners should avoid feeding their dogs with pet food of the same brand and model for too long. What is the ideal size? Many pet owners may think that a slightly chubby dog looks cute. However, dogs are just like humans, as such maintaining an ideal weight is very important to prevent diseases. Being obese or overweight may increase the risks of heart disease, arthritis and diabetes, and may even shorten their lifespan. The ideal size for a dog is one that its ribs can be easily palpable; with a small layer of fat covering them, and a visible waist when viewed from above. Dogs that are obese or overweight should lose weight gradually and moderately. By now, we hope pet owners have a good idea of what kind of pet food their pets need to keep them healthy. Let's take a look at the article “Attention Pet Owners! A Survey on Canned Dog Food Comparison on Vitamins and Minerals” (Chinese version only) in Issue #534 of CHOICE Magazine. In this article you may find the test results on 20 models of wet food for dogs. Further reading: “Choose Smartly! You Can Give the Best to Your Pets” (Chinese version only)
- 2021.10
- Tips
- Home Appliances
Saving Energy While Enjoying the Cool Breeze! 4 Tips On How To Select Inverter Type Air Conditioners
First of all, Let MIRROR tell you how to choose a ‘2 horsepower’ window-type air conditioner! ‘MIRROR x Review on Window-Type Air Conditioners’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syOgzq70tO0 Fixed capacity type vs. inverter type Nowadays, newer split-type cooling-only or reverse cycle air conditioners that are available on the market are mainly inverter type. Conventional fixed capacity type air conditioners are being gradually phased out. Why? What are the differences between these 2 types? Fixed capacity type The compressor runs at a fixed top speed, and pauses and restarts repeatedly to adjust the room temperature. Inverter type The compressor automatically adjusts the speed within a certain range. Usually, it runs at a high speed in the beginning, and reduces the speed automatically when the room temperature is closer to the target temperature. How does it relate to energy-saving? A compressor typically consumes less energy at lower speed. Moreover, it also operates more efficiently at lower speed, which is the key to energy-saving. ´Grade 1’ home appliances may vary in electricity costs by 56% annually In the first half of 2021, the Consumer Council (the ‘Council’) tested 14 inverter split-type reverse cycle air conditioners. Although all of them rated Grade 1 on the energy label, their energy efficiency varied significantly! Assuming all models were used in an environment with the same cooling requirement, using the less energy-efficient model could cost 56% more in electricity tariff! Therefore, if you want to reduce electricity costs and contribute to environmental protection, you will have to choose your air conditioner carefully! Are you eager to find out which model is good? Please refer to the article ‘Energy Saving, Environmental Friendly, Fast-Cooling 1½ Horsepower Inverter Split-Type Air Conditioners’ (Chinese version only) in issue #534 of CHOICE Magazine. Inverter window-type air conditioners In the past, inverter technology was mainly used in split-type air conditioners. Nowadays, there are more inverter window-type air conditioners available on the market, giving more choices to consumers who have space constraints. Tips for choosing inverter type air conditioners 1. Installation: Inverter window-type air conditioners can be larger and heavier Due to the more complex mechanical design, inverter window-type air conditioners can be 10cm deeper and heavier than fixed capacity ones with similar cooling capacity. Consumers consider installing inverter window-type air conditioners should check whether the space is suitable and large enough for installation. 2. Energy efficiency: Inverter split-type is better than window-type If we compare the test results published by the Council in 2017 on inverter split-type air conditioners to the results on inverter window-type air conditioners in 2019, it is found that inverter window-type air conditioners are less energy efficient than inverter split-type ones. 3. Cooling capacity: Watch out for exaggerated claims Cooling capacity refers to the speed at which the air conditioner removes heat from the indoor air to outdoors. The higher the value, the faster it cools. If the cooling capacity of an air conditioner cannot satisfy the cooling requirement of the space, the unit will have to operate at high speed for a long time. And users will not reap the benefits of an inverter type air conditioner in terms of high energy efficiency. The Council tested 14 ‘1 ½ horsepower’ inverter-type air conditioners in April 2021, and found that the cooling capacity of most models was roughly in line with the claimed value. Among them, the cooling capacity of 9 models was in line with or higher than the claimed value, with 1 model having a cooling capacity 6.6% higher than the claimed value. 4 other tested models had discrepancies within the acceptable 10% tolerance range under the Code of Practice on Energy Labelling of Products and common international practices. Only 1 model whose actual cooling capacity was 17.6% lower than the claimed value and its performance was only equivalent to an ‘1 horsepower’ air conditioner. 4. Airflow rate : The higher, the better The higher the airflow rate, the more air can be blown out by the air conditioner. This can improve air circulation and help to achieve an ideal room temperature faster, thus making users feel comfortably cool. In addition, the fan speed should have a wide enough range. The wider the fan speed range, the better the performance, as otherwise the user cannot feel the differences under different speed settings. Areas to watch out when using inverter type air conditioners Set the target temperature by phases If you don’t have an urgency to cool down quickly, and don’t mind that the room temperature gradually lowers, you may set the target temperature by phases. At first, don’t set the target temperature too low. Instead, you can set the target temperature only a little bit lower than the prevailing room temperature and adjust it downwards bit by bit (for example, every 15 minutes) until the desired temperature is reached. This can help reduce the time that the inverter type air conditioner has to operate at high speed, thus achieving additional energy saving. Other tips on energy saving Electricity costs rise with the actual cooling requirement which can be escalated by various factors such as humidity, larger room size, windows facing direct sunlight, air leakage through doors and windows, running exhaust fans, multiple appliances running at the same time, or a large number of people in the same room, etc. Therefore, it is recommended to draw the curtains to avoid direct sunlight, close the doors and windows where possible to maintain the interior temperature, and do not block the air inlet / outlet of the air conditioner. Some more tips on energy saving: During summer, it is recommended to clean the air conditioner's dust filter, air inlet and outlet once every 2 weeks to prevent airflow obstruction which may impact its performance. Arrange for regular checks, maintenance and repair by an experienced technician. During summer, you may feel extremely hot when you return home. You can take a shower or drink some water to quickly cool down your body. Therefore, it is not necessary to set the target temperature too low. It is recommended to keep the room temperature at around 25.5°C in summer. During winter, using the heating function of a reverse cycle air conditioner can save more energy than using an electric or a fan heater. An electric fan consumes less energy than an air conditioner. If both the air conditioner and electric fan are turned on at the same time, cool air can be blown towards the user. In this way, the target temperature of the air conditioner can be set at a higher level, thus saving more energy. If the air conditioner has a timer, preset a switch-off time to avoid using it for too long or forgetting to turn it off. In order to reap the full benefits of an inverter type air conditioner in terms of high efficiency and energy savings, avoid prolonged operation of the unit under full load. Ensure that the air conditioner only operates at high speed for a short period of time when it is initially switched on. Subsequent cooling only requires the unit to operate at a low speed. Using low fan speed for dehumidification? This is not energy efficient! The cooling function of air conditioner can bring 2 effects on the air, with the primary one being the lowering of air temperature and the other being dehumidification. Moisture is removed through a pipe in a split-type air conditioner. If you want to achieve better dehumidification result, choose a lower fan speed. However, a lower fan speed setting will hinder the full cooling capacity of the air conditioner, resulting in lower energy efficiency. Therefore, it is not recommended to frequently use a low fan speed setting unless necessary. Practical tips on installation and maintenance Installation instructions Some retailers include basic installation service in the marked price, but consumers should check before buying to be sure. If there is no designated cement space for the air conditioner unit, and that it has to be installed on a window frame, consumers should ensure that the window frame and supporting structure are strong and secure enough to hold the unit. Even if there is a designated space, the air conditioner unit must be firmly secured on the cement space. In addition, the metal frame must be connected with equipotential bonding to minimise the risk of having accidental electric shock. Nowadays, some newer-style residential buildings, especially those with glass screen walls, lack considerations with respect to residents’ specific requirements in the installation and subsequent maintenance of air conditioners. Residents may only be able to install split-type air conditioners within designated spaces and it is not possible to install window-type units. Moreover, a gondola will need to be booked in advance for the installation and maintenance of the air conditioners. Consumers should therefore take into consideration the higher budget (for both installation and subsequent maintenance) and time involved. Pay attention to the warranty period Some dealers may set a time limit and may not accept any warranty renewal if the air conditioner has been used for a certain period of time, or require an onsite inspection before deciding whether to accept the renewal request. Furthermore, warranty renewal may be refused for remote areas. Therefore, prior to the renewal date, consumers should check the various terms with the agent, including waiver provisions on transportation fee, labour and spare part costs, etc, before making any decision on renewal. Tips on the disposal of air conditioners Under the Producer Responsibility Scheme on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WPRS), consumers should ensure that used air conditioner units and other regulated electrical equipment (REE) are properly collected to reduce their impact on the environment. In addition to requesting the seller to arrange for a free statutory removal service when purchasing a new air conditioner unit or other REE, consumers may also use the following services: Call the Collection Hotline (2676 8888) for collection enquiries and arrange for collection services; Send the used appliances to suitable recyclers via the ‘GREEN‌@COMMUNITY’ program for proper disposal; For further details, please visit www.weee.gov.hk After-sales service The warranty period provided by different agents may differ. For example, it may range from 12 to 39 months. The compressor is a more durable component, and therefore its warranty period is generally longer. Some agents even provide a lifetime warranty. During the warranty period, users in urban areas are generally provided with free onsite inspection services. As for users living in remote areas, charges are usually required. If an air conditioner requires repairment, as long as the defects are not caused by human factors, most warranties of new units will waive the costs of labour and spare parts. Want to find out more on window-type air conditioners while watching MIRROR? Please refer to the article ‘2 Horsepower Window-Type Air Conditioners: Inverter Types Are Quieter and Can Save More Energy than Fixed Capacity Types’ (Chinese version only) in issue #511 of CHOICE Magazine. If you have decided to install an inverter split-type air conditioner, you may refer to the detailed report in the article ‘Energy Saving, Environmental Friendly, Fast Cooling 1½ Horsepower Inverter Split-Type Air Conditioners’ (Chinese version only) in issue #534 of CHOICE Magazine. Further reading: ‘4 Key Tips To Enjoy The Cool Breeze Without Breaking The Bank?’ https://www.consumer.org.hk/en/shopping-guide/tips/2020-tips-electricbill
- 2021.05
- Tips
- Home Appliances
Can’t do without it in warm and humid weather. A dehumidifier, please!
At present, most dehumidifiers on the market are compressor-type dehumidifiers while desiccant-type dehumidifiers have gradually been withdrawn from the market. In addition, there are 2-in-1 air purifying dehumidifiers which usually claim to remove particulate matter and formaldehyde. The working principle of the compressor-type dehumidifier is using the compressor to propel and circulate the refrigerant between the evaporator and condenser. Moisture in the air (moisture in the air condenses, not the moist air) passing through the evaporator will condense into water droplets on the surface of the evaporator and drip down into the water tank. Then, the air will be discharged out of the radiating pipe, drier and warmer than before. Then, the air will be discharged out of the radiating pipe, drier and warmer than before. Don’t trust the manufacturer's test environment; you should refer to the energy label Usually there are two daily dehumidifying capacity values, one commonly found in energy labels and one in product promotion leaflets. At present, compressor-type dehumidifiers sold in Hong Kong must bear the energy label specified in the Mandatory Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme. The energy efficiency level on the label is calculated based on the energy efficiency, the rated dehumidification amount in a standard environment and other data provided by a certified laboratory in the test report submitted by the agent to the EMSD. It is mainly divided into 5 levels, with level 1 representing the highest energy efficiency and being most energy-saving among dehumidifiers with the same rated dehumidifying capacity. The amount of dehumidification given on the energy label is measured in thestandard environment specified in the labelling scheme and is more objective. The claimed dehumidifying capacity marked on the promotion leaflets are usually measured under the manufacturer's test environment(i.e. temperature 30°C and relative humidity 80%), and may not accurately reflect actual circumstances of use. Consumers should pay attention to the test temperature and humidity when referring to the daily dehumidification amount claimed on the promotion leaflet or product manual. It is not advisable to use the set of values measured under higher temperature and humidity for product comparison. For example, the daily dehumidifying capacity of compressor-type dehumidifiers measured under higher temperature and humidity will be higher, which may mislead consumers into thinking that the performance of the product is better, yet failing to meet up to expectations during usage. Dehumidifying Performance under the standard environment: the actual dehumidifying capacity may be lower than claimed Under standard environment, does the actual daily dehumidifying capacity match the values of the Mandatory Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme? The test results showed that 6 models had a lower dehumidifying capacity than claimed. Some were only slightly lower by about 0.1% to 1.1%, while 1 was about 6.9% lower than its claimed value, but the difference was still within the 10% tolerance level which is acceptable under the scheme. What is a inverter-type compressor dehumidifier? Inverter-type compressor dehumidifiers can automatically adjust the speed within a certain range, while compressor dehumidifiers can only operate at the highest power consumption mode and cannot adjustthe speed. The inverter-type compressor dehumidifier will operate at a higher speed upon starting, and it will automatically reduce the speed when the indoor humidity reaches the preset relative humidity. The power consumption at low speed is lower than that at high speed, but the key is that the energy efficiency at lower speed is generally higher, so it can save energy. No need to buy the model with highest dehumidifying capacity ? It is advisable to consider home environmental factors Understand your actual need at home (在選購時) when choosing a product: if your home is large or you live close to the sea or in a humid district, or if you want quick dehumidification, consider models with stronger capacity, and vice versa. In addition, you can also consider whether you need to turn on the dehumidifier all year round at home, or whether there is a requirement for the dehumidifying speed. For example, users who do not require particularly high dehumidifying speed can consider cheaper and smaller models. Air Purifying Performance varied significantly Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) This is a parameter that reflects the air purification ability of the air purifier, which refers to the speed at which the air purifier provides air without specific pollutants, and the higher the value, the faster the speed of purification of the pollutants, the better the purification capacity. Removal of particulate matter: Particulate matter refers to cigarette smoke, dust and pollen, etc. The CADR of the four 2-in-1 air purifying dehumidifiers were tested. Taking the results of removing cigarette smoke as an example, the slowest speed was 45.2FT3/min, while the highest speed was 133.7 FT3/min, that is, the sample with the highest purification speed could be up to 2 times faster. Removal of formaldehyde: All 4 models can reduce the concentration of formaldehyde, but the speed is quite slow, from 5.7 to 16.4 FT3/min. The GB/T standard is measured in cubic metres per hour, and the CADR of each sample in this unit is between 9.7 and 27.9 cubic metres per hour, which means the purification speed varied by 1. 9 times. Easy to use Other details to consider, such as ease of use, are also important points to note before purchase. Here is a brief list: Exterior design Size Whether it will occupy a lot of space, whether it can be stored when not in use, or whether it can only be placed in the corner of the living room. Movable castors: Whether it is convenient for the user to move, for example, between the living room and bedroom. Cover of air outlet: If there is no cover for the upward air outlet, dust can easily fall into the air outlet when the dehumidifier is not in use. Daily usage Control panel functions: For example, can you preset the timer (preset the one-off time, not timer)to avoid operating for too long or forgetting to shut down. Extended hose: Some models come with an extension hose that can be used to dehumidify wardrobes or shoe cabinets. Water tank: Pay attention to the capacity, whether it requires frequent emptying, the difficulty of assembly, and the design of the handle. Other: Indicator light, switches/buttons operations. Cleaning and maintenance Easy assembly: For two-in-one models with air purifiers, attention should be paid to whether it is easy to install and remove the HEPA filter and dust filter. Indicators: Some models have a filter cleaning reminder, but it is also important to note that the filter of some models cannot be cleaned with water. Costs in the long run: The filter of two-in-one air purifying dehumidifiers has to be replaced in a timely manner, and the cost of replacing the filter in the long run should be considered; the filter must be cleaned and replaced in a timely manner; otherwise, the air purifying performance will be greatly reduced. After understanding the above points, let’s look at the actual tests!【Issue 520 of "Choice" monthly magazine: First test of 2-in-1 dehumidifiers Air purification performance is uneven 5 dehumidifiers have outstanding performance(Chinese Only)】See which model is right for you!
- 2021.03
- Trivia
- Green Living
Trivia on Sustainable Consumption – Choosing Your Environmental Spending
What are the “more sustainable” choices in Hong Kong? In recent years, there are a number of new developments in Hong Kong on sustainable consumption, such as waste reduction at source initiatives (e.g., zero-waste store) and recycling initiatives (e.g., garment to garment recycling system, Tetra Pak recycling facility), etc. 1 Zero-waste store in Hong Kong The first zero-waste store was opened in 2018 in Sai Ying Pun and more stores joined to provide no-packaging products in order to minimize the use of packaging materials. Packaging materials, despite having a short shelf life (of a few minutes to a few days), constitute a major part of municipal solid waste. 2 The world's first garment to garment recycling system The Hong Kong Research Institute of Textiles and Apparel (HKRITA), in cooperation with garment manufacturers and international apparel brands, developed and launched the world’s first garment to garment recycling system (G2G) in Hong Kong in December 2018. The G2G system can perform a series of processes including: cutting fabric into smaller pieces, opening and mixing fibre, carding, spinning and garment knitting. It takes as little as 4 hours to turn an old garment into a new piece and has showcased the textile and garment industry’s ability to achieving sustainable development. 3 Drink cartons can now be recycled! The main recyclable materials in Hong Kong include paper, metal, plastic and glass. As compound materials are difficult to recycle, items such as drink cartons which are typically made from layers of paper, polyethylene and aluminum, have a recycling rate close to zero and generate a large amount of waste. In view of this, one beverage manufacturer in Hong Kong launched a new recycling scheme and a recycling facility in 2019 to promote sustainable development of the industry, with dozens of smart recycling systems installed in various locations throughout the territory. 4 Various ecolabelling programs In order to help consumers in finding sustainable products, a number of non-government organisations (NGOs) in Hong Kong have put in place various ecolabelling and certification programs to attest the environmental standards across a wide range of products, from household cleaning products to building materials. Hong Kong Green Label Scheme CIC Green Product Certification – HK G-Pass HKQAA Hong Kong Registration-Eco-Friendly Series Sustainable consumption can be “Strong” or “Weak” “Weak Sustainable Consumption” refers to actions arising from individuals’ own needs or choices to conserve and reduce waste. For example, one will switch off the lights when leaving a room, or select a more energy-efficient model when purchasing a new electrical product. These actions can save money and also are eco-friendly. They are relatively easy to follow as consumers do not need to make drastic changes to their original consumption behaviour. However, “Weak Sustainable Consumption” alone is not enough to support the sustainable development of our society. Therefore, it is necessary to promote “Strong Sustainable Consumption”. "Strong Sustainable Consumption" must take into account matters such as "product life cycle" and the long-term impact of the purchased product on the ecological environment and society. For example, before making a purchase decision one will consider matters such as power consumption of the product during its production process, labour rights of the workers, impact on the ecological environment of endangered species, possibilities of causing water and air pollution, disposal and recycling options, and corporate social responsibility measures of the manufacturers and retailers, etc. How to promote sustainable consumption? — Let’s learn from our foreign friends! Using economic incentives to encourage the consumption of sustainable products: Some foreign governments have launched cash reward programs. For example, the South Korean Government launched the "Green Credit Card Scheme" in 2011. Cardholders are rewarded with points when they use public transportation, buy eco-friendly products, or implement water-saving or energy-saving measures at home and the points accumulated can then be used to purchase eco-friendly products or services. Certification / accreditation programs operated by a government agency or a credible third-party organisation can increase the transparency of product information: It is not easy for consumers to obtain information on the sustainability aspect of a product. There are a number of voluntary ecolabelling schemes in the world, such as “EU Ecolabel” by the European Union, which allow consumers to identify products that meet high environmental standards. Besides, the "Seafood Guide" launched by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), which uses simple and easy-to-understand guidelines to assist consumers in choosing sustainable seafood. A user-friendly platform can facilitate consumers in accessing information about sustainable products: There are different types of claims and labels relating to sustainable products on the market. Consumers need to have sufficient knowledge or invest enough time to understand the certification process and regulatory system behind these ecolabels and determine whether the products actually meet their needs. Therefore, an easy-to-browse platform can save consumers time while promoting sustainable consumption behaviour. Sending gifts this festive season can be more eco-friendly by simply saying "No need to wrap, thank you!" We also want to remind everyone to consume smartly! As the festive season approaches, when consumers buy chocolates or candies as gifts, they should opt for those in ordinary packaging. Gift boxes are often over-packaged, and therefore are also more expensive when compared with ordinary packaging. After reading the above information, why not take a quiz?! You can find in “Quiz for the Eco Consumption Guru”, CHOICE Magazine, Issue 521 (Chinese version only) a list of questions on your consumption patten relating to clothing, dining, living and commuting. Let’s find out if you are a “Basic” or an “Advanced” level eco consumption guru!
- 2021.02
- Tips
- Tech-savvy
- Home Appliances
Washing Machines: Can They Save Water and Energy at the Same Time?
3 different types of washing machines 1) Front-loading type (commonly referred as ‘Big Eyes’); 2) European top-loading type which typically has a narrower body, and 3) Japanese top-loading type (also known as the impeller type). In front-loading and European top-loading types, the drum rotates around a horizontal axis and the clothes are tumbled inside the drum. In impeller type, the drum rotates around a vertical axis. Performance showdown The Consumer Council recently tested 18 washing machine models on their energy-saving and water-saving performances, cleaning performance, noise level and vibration reduction, etc. Here is a summary of the results for your reference: Which type had the best cleaning performance? In general, the front-loading and European top-loading models which could heat up water seemed to be more effective in delivering the cleansing power of laundry detergent. Although the impeller models did not have any heating function and washed with room-temperature water only, the test results showed that some models did not necessarily give inferior cleaning results. Duration of the washing phase For the same type of washing machine, the longer the washing phase, generally the cleaner the laundry would be. Many models had a ‘quick wash’ cycle which, e.g., could complete washing, rinsing and spinning within 15 minutes. However, this cycle should only be used for smaller load and less-soiled clothes. Which type had the least detergent residuals after rinsing? The lesser the amount of detergent remained on the clothes, the better the rinsing performance was. A number of the front-loading and impeller models scored well in this test! Were the clothes still very wet after spinning? The water-extraction performance of the tested models varied. For example, in ‘cotton clothing’ session, the front-loading models varied between 42% and 112% in remaining moisture content. Due to their lower spinning speed, the impeller models generally had inferior water-extraction performance. Which type of washing machine has the shortest wash cycle? To complete the laundry in a fast fashion can be very helpful when you face endless housework. Which type of washing machine has a shorter wash cycle? In the test, all the impeller models performed well, taking about 7 to 20 minutes to wash each kilogram of clothes. The performance of the front-loading models varied significantly, taking about 17 to 59 minutes for each kilogram of laundry. European top-loading models took longer on average with 32 to 44 minutes for each kilogram of laundry. Achieving water and energy savings at the same time may not be possible Wishing that your washing machine can save water and energy at the same time? Well, it may not be possible in reality! In terms of energy consumption, since the impeller type does not have a heating function, and the spinning speed is generally lower as well as their wash cycles are often shorter, in general, they consume less energy than the front-loading type and European top-loading type. In terms of water consumption, since the clothes are tumbled in the front-loading and European top-loading models, there is no need to fill up the whole drum with water. Therefore, they generally use less water than the impeller type. Furthermore, using cold water or turning on the ‘eco’ mode can help save energy. Sorting clothes according to their materials and soil level, and using the appropriate wash cycles can help achieve water and energy savings more effectively! Pay attention to child safety features In terms of child safety features, the front-loading and European top-loading types are better as their doors are locked during the wash cycle. Because the drum opening of the impeller type is on top and wider in general, if the child lock function is not activated, the risk of children accidentally falling into the machine is higher. Moreover, the drum is filled with water during the wash cycle, which may not be drained automatically when the lid is opened, thus children may drown if they accidentally fall headfirst into the drum. Therefore, parents must pay attention to whether the washing machine is equipped with a child lock function when purchasing as it will help reduce the risk of accidents. Maintenance tips It is not cheap to buy a washing machine, so how to maintain and use it properly to prolong its useful life? Some models have a "drum cleaning" cycle, which should be used at least once a month. Consumers can also clean the drum regularly by running a hot water cycle with an empty drum (i.e., without any clothes and detergent). Avoid washing too many clothes at one time to reduce the vibration level of the drum during high-speed spinning. This can reduce the chance of mechanical damage. Use an appropriate amount of laundry detergent according to the instructions on the packaging. Using too much detergent may result in excessive foam and affect the operation of the machine. If the spinning speed is adjustable, consider lowering the speed to reduce the chance of mechanical damage as well as wear and tear on clothes. Extra: Some ‘eco’ tips Use cold water or the ‘eco’ mode to help save energy. Sort clothes according to their material and soil level and use the appropriate wash cycle in accordance with the user’s manual. This can help save water and energy more effectively. Try to wash with a full load. Using excessive amount of laundry detergent may not enhance the cleaning performance. It will only be a waste of money and may even cause environmental pollution. For the full report on the test, please refer to the article ‘Impeller-Type Front-Loading Type European Top-Loading Type Which Model Consumes Less Energy or Water’ (Chinese version only) in issue # 529 of CHOICE Magazine.
- 2021.02
- Trivia
- Health and Beauty
《Don’t Let UV Radiation Harm Your Skin!》
UV ABC Everyone knows that the sun emits UV radiation, which is invisible. But do you know that UV radiation can be further divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC according to its wavelength? UVC and a large portion of UVB are absorbed by the earth's atmosphere, so most of the UV rays that reach the earth are UVA and, to a lesser extent, UVB. UVA and UVB can cause different problems to the skin Although sun exposure can help the body in producing vitamin D which makes bones stronger and reduces the chance of fractures, excessive exposure to the sun may bring adverse effects. In fact, a few minutes of sun exposure per day is already sufficient to generate vitamin D. Furthermore, vitamin D can also be supplemented through daily diet. For example, salmon, tuna and other types of deep-sea fish contain vitamin D. Excessive exposure to UV radiation can cause various skin problems: e.g. UVA can cause wrinkles, skin ageing and darkening, and may even lead to skin cancer. UVB (which has a higher energy level) can damage the DNA on the skin surface and cause sunburn which is also one of the main causes of skin cancer! To avoid sunburn, learn to read the UV index! We often hear the weather anchor mentioning the UV index (UVI) during the daily weather report, but how much do you know about this index? UVI is a measure of the amount of skin-damaging UV radiation on a particular day. The higher the UVI, the greater the potential for damage to the skin and eyes, and the less time it takes for harm to occur. According to the guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), UVI is reported using a scale of 1 to 11+, and is divided into 5 exposure levels: Low, Moderate, High, Very High and Extreme. Among them, UVIs 1 and 2 are “Low” and UVI 11+ is “Extreme”. According to the data provided by the Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong’s daytime UVI during summer season generally exceeds 10, which reaches ”Very High” or even “Extreme” level. Therefore, we have to pay heed to sun protection during summer season to avoid potential skin damage. Most people often overlook the need for sun protection during autumn and winter months when the exposure level is either “Moderate” or “High”. In fact, it is equally important to avoid prolonged outdoor activities during daytime when the level is at “High” or above. During daytime, we should always apply sunscreen and wear a wide brimmed hat for protection! Sun protection is necessary to prevent skin cancer There is often a misconception that only Caucasians may develop skin cancer, and that skin cancer is not common in Hong Kong. In fact, skin cancer is one of the most common cancers, and the number of cases worldwide is increasing. Even in Hong Kong, the number of new cases found is also rising. According to the statistics published by the Hong Kong Cancer Registry in 2017, skin cancer ranked 7th most common cancer in Hong Kong. Among the new cancer cases recorded in 2017 alone, 3.6% of the cases are skin cancer. The 3 most common types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (both are non-melanoma skin cancer), as well as melanoma. People who are often exposed to the sun are at high risk of developing these 3 types of skin cancer. Occasional sun exposure may not lead to skin cancer? The truth is, every occasion counts! If the skin is exposed to the sun twice and develops blisters due to overexposure to radiation, the relative risk of developing melanoma is 1.7 (a relative risk of 1 means the risk is neither higher nor lower). 3 consecutive times of sun exposure with blisters will increase the relative risk to 3.8! At the same time, the effect of UV radiation on the skin is actually accumulative. Don't be tricked into thinking that only sunburn may lead to skin cancer. Although melanin will be produced to protect our skin when we are exposed to the sun, this protection is only equivalent to applying a sunscreen of SPF 4. The irony is that people want to have a suntan thinking that it symbolizes healthiness, but the suntan means that the skin tissues might have already been damaged. Even without sunburn on skin surface, the risk of contracting skin cancer has already increased! Is it safer to use a tanning bed? Some people may want to get a suntan using a tanning bed, thinking that staying indoors is safer and more convenient than exposing under the sun outside. But in fact, the skin is also exposed to both UVA and UVB when using a tanning bed. As mentioned above, these 2 types of UV radiation can cause skin ageing and may lead to skin cancer! How to reduce the risk of skin cancer? Apply sunscreen products “Remember to put on sunscreen!" - it is a kind reminder we often hear. However, not everyone knows how to choose the right sunscreen products. Do you know that sunscreen products can be divided into 3 types: physical, chemical and mixed? And do you know their differences? When buying sunscreen products, SPF is not the only factor to consider. For further information on how to choose an effective sunscreen product, please refer to the article “Choose the Right Sunscreen Products — Beyond SPF value”. Check the UVI before determining the activities for the day As mentioned earlier, UVI indicates the intensity of UV radiation and how much damage it may cause to the skin. On days when the UVI is high (6 or above), you should avoid staying outdoors for a long time in order to minimize the sun exposure time and avoid direct sunlight to the eyes. If you have to engage in outdoor activities for a prolonged period of time, especially during water sport activities, you should apply waterproof sunscreen with appropriate Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value to your body and face and reapply every 2 hours to prevent sunburn. More sun protection measures In addition to applying sunscreen products, you can also wear a wide brimmed hat, dark colour loose outfits with long sleeves to protect ourselves from the radiation. At the same time, try to stay in a shaded area or use an umbrella to avoid direct sun exposure. Wear sunglasses that can block UV radiation to protect your eyes. Learn more about sun protective clothing Generally speaking, any outfit that can cover the skin can achieve some degree of UV protection. Some clothing, however, has a higher protective function, including the following: Specially treated sun protective clothing Many sport outfits have been specially treated to enhance the degree of protection against UV radiation. These outfits are marked with UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) values, which indicate how much UVA and UVB are allowed to penetrate. For example, clothing marked with UPF50 can block 98% of sun rays, thereby reducing the risk of sunburn. Dark coloured clothes are more effective in sun protection Dark coloured clothes are more effective in blocking UV radiation than light coloured ones. Generally speaking, the darker the colour, the more UV radiation can be absorbed, thus providing better protection to the skin. Densely-woven fabric Densely-woven fabrics, such as denim, canvas, wool or synthetic fibers, can more effectively block UV radiation than thin or loosely-woven fabrics. You can do a simple check on the level of light transmittance of the fabric under the sun. If the level of light transmittance is high, then UV radiation can easily penetrate the fabric and reach the skin. Don’t forget to check out the guide on how to select sunscreen products. Click here to read the article, “Choose the Right Sunscreen Products — Beyond SPF value”. The Consumer Council previously tested 30 models of sunscreen products on the market to check their sun protection efficacy and to find out which products are more cost-effective. For more information, please refer to the article, “Over 80% of Sunscreen Performed Below their Labelled Efficacy 6 Models Outperform But Price Can Vary By 23 Times”, CHOICE Magazine, Issue 528 (Chinese Version Only).
- 2021.01
- Tips
- Home Appliances
- Food and Cooking
Induction Cookers and Electric Ceramic Cookers are Significantly Different!
Which Pot Matches with Which Stove? Due to different heating principles, induction cookers are only compatible with magnetic-based iron pots with cast iron, stainless steel, or enamel materials. Electric ceramic cookers can be used with any pots, including ceramic, aluminium, glass, or teapots. What's more, the entire surface of a grilled electric ceramic cooker can be used for heating. The inception of new accessories, such as seafood steamer sets and Japanese or Korean teppanyaki, are also available for selection, so the associated package is also a key consideration! Heating Efficiency It can be frustrated to wait for a long time for water to boil when having hot pots. In general, induction cookers can heat the pot directly, being more efficient. In contrast, the surface of electric ceramic cookers must first be heated before the heat reaches the pot, so the efficiency is relatively lower. In terms of heating speed, the efficiency of cookers with a higher wattage performs better. Taking the 2,000-watt model as an example, it takes about 4 minutes to boil one litre of water; smaller wattage models with lower power heats up more slowly. Therefore, it is vital to pay attention to cookers' power when choosing the best fit option. Standby Power Electrical appliances also consume energy in standby mode. The difference in the performance of various cookers can be significant, especially for induction cookers. Consumers may refer to the energy efficiency label of the product when purchasing induction cookers. The third phase of The Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) Mandatory Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme (MEELS) extends the coverage to induction cookers, categorised into five grades. Grade 1 energy label is the most energy-efficient, and Grade 5 energy label is the least energy-efficient. The test results revealed that models labelled as Grade 5 have higher standby power. Therefore, users are advised to switch off the power cord to save energy when idling. Heat Control Cooking fire can be distinguished with a naked eye when the heat is turned on. The control board display helps indicate and regulate the amount of heat delivered for electric stoves. The test results suggested electric ceramic cookers to be more stable, with the heat supply relatively more even and easier to control at low heat. Preset Cooking Procedures In terms of electronic functions, induction cookers and electric ceramic cookers are better than traditional portable LPG stoves. Most models provide basic functions, including hot pot, soup boiling, fixed temperature, and stir-fry. Some cookers are equipped with functions such as slow cook and sauna steam. Electronic cookers usually have timing functions to power off themselves or cook at low heat at constant temperatures, without cooking supervision required. Some cookers contain a bonus Wi-Fi function, which can be operated remotely through mobile phone apps – actualising a smart home life. Convenient to Clean Since the surface of most models is covered in ceramics, it makes cleaning much easier regardless of oil drops, soup spills, or food crumbs! When purchasing, it is vital to observe the cooker's cooktop, edges, buttons, or knobs to identify any potential dents that may make cleaning difficult. Safety Recommendations on Electronic Cookers Safety Locks The light-touch design is convenient but is often touched mistakenly, especially for pets. In case "the naughty pet" jumps onto the stove, accidents can occur at any time. Therefore, a safety lock is also a key factor for consideration. Most models, in general, have the heating button preset for cooking after the on-and-off button has been pressed to ensure safety. Residual Heat on the Surface of the Cooker Electric ceramic cookers pass heat to the pot through the gradual heat-up of the cooktop panel. The heat remains on the surface after the cooker has turned off. It is advised to cover the top with utensils after cooking to avoid getting burnt. Moreover, the power cord should be tied up, stored well, and kept from crossing over the cooker's surface. The induction cooker panel retains less heat, and the temperature of the cooker surface is relatively lower after cooking. In addition, less heat retention in the panel also helps to improve the operation efficiency! Marking and Instruction Labels Foreigner roommates and domestic helpers should observe whether the control board display has dual language, containing both Chinese and English. Although most of the buttons are relatively simple to use, it is best if all family members know how to operate without obstacles. Reminders: Tips for using induction cookers and electric ceramic cookers Induction and electric ceramic cookers' wattage is generally high, so do not share the same socket with other high-power electrical appliances. Please check the cooker surface for cracks or breakage before use. Do not put too much water in the pot to avoid over floating when it boils. Cover the pot with a lid as much as possible and reduce the heat to save electricity and retain food moisture. Many fumes will be produced when grilling, so it is advised to maintain indoor air circulation. Do not unplug the power cords immediately after use as the fans of some models are still operating. It is recommended to allow the heating panel to cool off before turning it off. Summarising the above main points, even with hundreds of models of induction cookers or electric ceramic cookers, the Consumer Council believes you can choose the most suitable one. If you want to understand further the safety test and the efficiency information of different models, take a look at the comprehensive test of various induction cookers! [Issue 518 "Choice" Monthly Magazine: Induction Cookers are Essential for Hotpots in Winter] (Chinese version only) Food Safety You should pay heed to food safety when eating hot pots. Avoid thinking that bacteria will not hurt, thus swallowing uncooked food hastily. You may look at [Issue 320 of Choice Monthly] (Chinese version only) for food safety tips on choosing frozen meat and why thawed meat should not be re-frozen.
